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语言与性别是相互联系的。 首先,性别引起了语言中的“性别方言”(sexdialect),即男女两性对语言的不同使用。很明显,生活中的“性别方言”无处不在。比如,男女两怀说话的语速、提问的方式,对不同字眼及发音的偏好,都有所不同。更明显的事例是,一些调查显示,在美国英语的某些口音中,女性对元音的发音部位,较之男性更为靠外。最为显著的例子则来自西印地安。那里,男女两性竟拥有各自不同的语言,男女两性决不使用对方的语言,否则就会受到轻视。这些“性别方言”的产生,有其历史发展(如婚配制度)、文化习俗(如图腾禁规)、社会风气(如男尊女卑)等因素的影响。本文将不一一详述。
Language and gender are interrelated. First, gender causes the “sex dialect” in the language - the different uses of language by men and women. Obviously, the “gender dialect” in life is everywhere. For example, the rate of speech of men and women, the way they ask questions, and the preference for different words and pronunciations are different. Even more conspicuously, some surveys have shown that in some accents of American English, women place vowels more pronounced than men. The most obvious example is from West Indies. There, men and women actually have different languages, and men and women never use each other’s language or they will be neglected. These “gender dialects” have their own historical development (such as marriage system), cultural practices (such as totem prohibition), and social ethos (such as male inferiority) and other factors. This article will not detail one by one.