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采用铸造法和粉末冶金法制备了Al-7.0Si-1.6Cu-0.45Mg合金,利用SEM、XRD、万能电子拉伸试验机对不同工艺制备的合金显微组织、力学性能及断口进行了检测分析,研究了不同制备工艺对铝硅合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:粉末冶金制备的铝硅合金中,硅颗粒尺寸最小。对铸造合金进行热处理后,共晶硅形貌逐渐由针状转变为球状。热挤压对铸造合金有良好的细化作用。铝硅合金组织有α-Al相、Si相、Q(Al_5Cu_2Mg_8Si_6)相和θ(Al_2Cu)相。与粉末冶金相比,采用铸造法制备的铝硅合金伸长率显著增大。热处理可以提高铸造合金的强度,但是单一热挤压工艺对改善铸造合金的力学性能没有明显的效果。
Al-7.0Si-1.6Cu-0.45Mg alloy was prepared by casting method and powder metallurgy method. The microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture of the alloy prepared by different processes were examined by SEM, XRD and universal tensile testing machine , The effects of different preparation processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy were studied. The results show that the size of silicon particles is the smallest among the aluminum-silicon alloys prepared by powder metallurgy. After the cast alloy was heat-treated, the morphology of eutectic silicon gradually changed from acicular to spherical shape. Hot extrusion casting alloy has a good refinement. Al-Si alloy has α-Al phase, Si phase, Q (Al_5Cu_2Mg_8Si_6) phase and θ (Al_2Cu) phase. Compared with powder metallurgy, the casting method of aluminum-silicon alloy elongation increased significantly. Heat treatment can improve the strength of the cast alloy, but a single hot extrusion process to improve the mechanical properties of the cast alloy no significant effect.