传统组织的设计者们往往认为,当职权范围相对较小,从属关系明确时,组织是最有效的。事实上,当任务简单,而且可以有效监督时,这一原则是正确的。但当产品或服务较为复杂,而且不容易观测和监督时,它就未必是个好主意。 Designers of traditional organizations tend to think that organizations are most effective when their terms of reference are relatively small and their affiliation is clear. In fact, this principle is correct when the task is simple and can be supervised effectively. However, it may not be a good idea when the product or service is complex and not easy to observe and monitor.