目的分析肿瘤医院患者中分离的肺炎克雷伯杆菌耐药性,为感染肺炎克雷伯杆菌的肿瘤患者的治疗提供依据。方法采用WHONET 5.6软件回顾性分析肿瘤专科医院2007-2014年间肺炎克雷伯杆菌的检出率及耐药性。并按标本来源作进一步的耐药分析。结果在2007-2014年的标本中肺炎克雷伯杆菌共分离出3 665株,其中痰液标本中分离出2 230株。痰液标本和非痰液标本的科室分布都以放疗病房最多。肺炎克雷伯杆菌对奈替米星、替加环素最敏感,对氨苄西林耐药率极高,八年中,头孢菌素类抗生素和复方新诺明在2009年耐药性达到最高,后逐渐下降,喹诺酮类及碳青霉烯类药物耐药率有一定波动,但总体较好。痰液标本和非痰液标本的肺炎克雷伯杆菌的耐药性之间的差异具有统计学意义。结论肿瘤患者肺炎克雷伯杆菌引起的感染耐药性较综合性医院低;放、化疗患者由于多种原因呼吸道更易被肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染;及时监控和掌握肿瘤患者痰液中肺炎克雷伯的耐药特点,合理使用抗菌药物,是控制和减少多耐药性肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染的关键。 Objective To analyze the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia isolated in patients with cancer hospital and provide the basis for the treatment of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods WHONET 5.6 software was used to retrospectively analyze the detection rate and drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia in the cancer hospital from 2007 to 2014. According to the source of specimens for further drug resistance analysis. Results A total of 3 665 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from specimens from 2007 to 2014, of which 2 230 were isolated from sputum specimens. Sputum specimens and non-sputum specimens departmental distribution are the largest ward. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most sensitive to netilmicin and tigecycline, and had a high resistance rate to ampicillin. In eight years, cephalosporin antibiotics and cotrimoxazole reached the highest level in 2009, After gradual decline, quinolones and carbapenem drug resistance rate fluctuations, but overall better. The difference between the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae in sputum specimens and non-sputum specimens was statistically significant. Conclusions Infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae in cancer patients is lower than that in general hospitals. Patients in radiotherapy and chemotherapy are more likely to be infected with Klebsiella pneumonia due to a variety of reasons. In time, patients with sputum pneumonia are monitored and mastered. The primary drug resistance characteristics of rational use of antimicrobial agents are the key to controlling and reducing multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.