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目的:对4-6岁儿童的X线头颅侧位片进行分析,研究4-6岁儿童下颌骨的生长发育规律。方法:选取深圳市市属幼儿园4岁儿童作为研究对象,连续观察3年,每年拍摄头颅侧位片,并进行计算机头影测量分析。结果:4-6岁儿童下颌骨的各角度测量指标中,除了颌角有所减小外,其余各指标都有一定程度的增加,且颌角、下颌平面角的变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在线距方面,下颌体长度和下颌升支高度都有显著性生长,而且,下颌升支逐年的生长量变化具有统计学意义(P<0.05),ANB角、Y轴角及面角的变化无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:4-6岁儿童下颌骨有明显的生长,且生长速度逐年下降,下颌支和下颌体发生向下向后的旋转,且下颌体旋转的程度较小,出现颌角的减小和下颌骨形状的变化。上下颌骨的矢状向关系基本不变。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the X-ray cephalograms of 4-6-year-old children and study the growth and development of the mandibles in 4-6-year-old children. Methods: A 4-year-old child from kindergarten in Shenzhen City was selected as the research object. The patients were continuously observed for 3 years. The lateral cephalograms were taken every year and the cephalometric analysis was performed. Results: The mandibular angles of 4-6 years old children, except the reduction of mandibular angle, all the indexes increased to a certain degree, and the changes of mandibular angle and mandibular plane angle were statistically significant (P <0.05). In the aspect of distance, mandibular body length and height of mandibular ascending were all significantly increased. Moreover, the annual growth of mandibular ascending branch had statistical significance (P <0.05), ANB angle, Y-axis angle and facial angle Statistical significance (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mandibles of 4-6-year-old children have obvious growth, and the growth rate declines year by year. The mandibular branch and mandibular body rotate downward and backward, and the degree of mandibular body rotation is smaller. Changes in bone shape. The maxillary and mandibular sagittal direction of the basic unchanged.