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为了吸引国际投资,伊朗推出了新的“伊朗油气合同”(IPC)。与原回购合同相比,IPC合同考虑了不同阶段油气开发项目的需求,具有更广泛的适应性,打破了回购合同“五个一定”的规则,支付报酬的对象从资本转变为产量,伊朗国家石油公司(NIOC)或者其他本土公司由生产经营主导转变为技术伙伴,从无视风险转变为考虑风险与回报平衡,收入分配模式也发生了一些变化。IPC合同的关键经济条款包括计划周期、投资成本分类、报酬费及其调整因子、成本回收及本地化等。在IPC合同模式下,招标中将对技术标赋予更高的权重,可能的投标因素包括但不限于最低承诺工作量、产量峰值、峰值持续时间和成本回收速度等。由于IPC合同灵活性的增加、时间的延长,增加了投标和谈判的难度。参与伊朗油气项目竞标时,要谨慎选择合作伙伴,在不可抗力的界定中要考虑国际制裁的因素。另外,合资双方权利义务及职责分工、勘探投资的回收金额及速度、技术转移的方式、成本回收和取得收益的支付方式等需要进一步协商明确。对任何一个项目,都要针对特定的资源量数据、财税条款、作业条款进行仔细的经济评价,确定每一个因素的盈亏平衡点和退出点,并在谈判中争取有利条件。
In order to attract international investment, Iran introduced a new “Iranian oil and gas contract” (IPC). Compared with the original repurchase contract, the IPC contract takes into account the demand of different phases of oil and gas development projects, has a wider adaptability, breaks the rules of the repurchase contract “five certain ”, and the object of paying remuneration changes from capital to Production, Iranian National Oil Company (NIOC) or other local companies from manufacturing operations into technology partners, from ignoring the risk to consider the risk and return balance, the income distribution model has undergone some changes. The key economic terms of the IPC contract include the planning cycle, classification of investment costs, compensation fees and their adjustment factors, cost recovery and localization. Under the IPC contract model, the technical tender will be given a higher weight. Possible bidding factors include but are not limited to the minimum promised workload, peak production, peak duration and cost recovery rate. Due to the increased flexibility and time of IPC contracts, the difficulty of bidding and negotiation has been increased. Participate in the Iranian oil and gas project bidding, we must carefully choose partners, in the definition of force majeure to consider the factors of international sanctions. In addition, the rights and obligations of both parties to the joint venture and the division of responsibilities, the recovery amount and speed of exploration and investment, the mode of technology transfer, the method of cost recovery and payment of proceeds, etc. need further clarification. For any project, careful economic evaluation should be carried out for specific resource data, fiscal and taxation terms and operating conditions to determine the breakeven point and exit point of each factor and to win favorable conditions during the negotiation.