【目的】　探讨不同家庭背景儿童行为问题发生率的差异。　【方法】　采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表和自行设计的家庭背景调查表 ,对西安市 5 5 8名 4～ 6岁儿童及其家庭进行调查 ,并进行相关因素的分析。　【结果】　文化程度较高的父母其子女行为问题发生率较低 ;职业为干部、教师的父母其子女行为问题发生率较工人、个体劳动者子女为低 ;教育方式为耐心说教者较严厉管教者或不闻不问者其子女行为问题发生率低。　【结论】　不同家庭背景儿童行为问题发生率不同 ;不同的家庭教育方式其儿童的行为问题发生率亦不同 【Objective】 To explore the differences in the incidence of behavioral problems among children with different family backgrounds. 【Method】 A total of 558 children aged 4 ~ 6 years old and their families in Xi’an were investigated by using Achenbach’s Children’s Behavior Scale and a self-designed family background questionnaire. Relevant factors were analyzed. 【Results】 The incidence of behavioral problems of children with higher educational attainment was lower. The incidence of behavior problems of parents whose parents were cadres and teachers was lower than that of workers and self-employed workers. The education mode was more patient The incidence of problems with their children is low for those who do not or do not smell. 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of behavioral problems among children with different family backgrounds is different. The incidence of behavioral problems among children in different modes of family education is also different