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采用墨玉县1990、2009年TM和2000年ETM多波段遥感影像,通过ERDAS与GIS空间分析功能,分析提取了墨玉县66.7hm2人工林区土地利用/覆盖信息,分析了人工林区各土地覆盖类型的数量变化和空间变化特征,使用Fragstats3.3对人工林的景观格局及景观指数进行了分析,并结合景观格局分析了绿洲人工林的生态效益,结果表明:墨玉县人工林研究区以沙漠、戈壁为主,约占总面积的70%,近20a土地覆盖类型变化很大,农田与水域面积有所减少;2000～2009年植被覆盖退化十分严重,主要是全球气候变化背景下降水格局的变化、人工林管理方式及开发政策的变化等因素;景观分离度、景观破碎化程度在近20a呈下降的趋势,景观板块形状越来越多样化,不利于管理;研究区水渠等水利设施的建设为人工林建设提供保障的同时也增大了水源的消耗,对生态系统稳定性不利;人工林具有防风、改善土壤、涵养水源、维持生物多样性和社会经济效益。
By using the 1990, 2009 TM and the 2000 ETM multi-band remote sensing images in Moyu County, the land use / cover information of the 66.7hm2 plantation area in Moyu County was analyzed and analyzed through ERDAS and GIS spatial analysis functions. The land use / The quantity and the spatial variation characteristics of the cover types, the landscape pattern and the landscape index of the artificial forest were analyzed by Fragstats3.3, and the ecological benefits of the oasis plantation were analyzed with the landscape pattern. The results showed that: The desert and Gobi dominated, accounting for about 70% of the total area. The types of land cover changed greatly in the past 20 years and the area of farmland and water area decreased. The degradation of vegetation cover was very serious in 2000-2009, mainly due to the precipitation in the global climate change background The change of landscape pattern and the change of development policy; the degree of landscape separation and landscape fragmentation tended to decrease in recent 20 years, the shape of landscape plate was more and more diversified and not conducive to management; Facilities for the construction of plantations to provide protection while increasing the consumption of water resources, the stability of the ecosystem is not conducive to; plantation has the wind, improve soil Water conservation, maintaining biodiversity and socio-economic benefits.