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根据作业场所职业危害的现状和特点,结合企业安全生产活动的过程和大量职业病患病案例,从人、物、环境、管理、安全技术、法制监管和社会经济利益等方面对作业场所职业危害风险影响因素进行分析,总结出7大类、36个要素。运用系统工程理论,对各风险影响因素进行了定性和量化处理,建立了作业场所风险影响因素的5级多层递阶解释结构模型。通过分析作业场所风险影响因素的关系结构,得到作业场所职业危害风险的表层直接影响因素、中层间接影响因素和深层影响因素。以表层直接影响因素为基础,形成风险评估体系,建立了作业场所风险模糊综合评估模型。运用此模型对某轧钢企业作业场所的职业危害进行风险评估,结果表明,该企业作业场所风险等级为第2级,属于一般危害程度,与该企业实际的状况相符合。实例证明,该模型适用于作业场所职业危害的风险评估。
According to the status quo and characteristics of occupational hazards in workplaces, combined with the process of safety production activities and a large number of cases of occupational diseases, occupational hazards from workplaces are assessed from the aspects of people, material, environment, management, safety technology, legal supervision and socio-economic benefits Analysis of influencing factors, summed up seven major categories, 36 elements. Using system engineering theory, the risk factors are qualitatively and quantitatively treated, and a five-level multi-level hierarchical structure model of risk factors is established. By analyzing the relational structure of risk factors at workplaces, the direct influence factors of occupational hazards, the indirect influence factors and the deep influence factors at middle level are obtained. Based on the direct impact factors on the surface, a risk assessment system is formed, and a fuzzy comprehensive assessment model of workplace risks is established. Using this model to evaluate the occupational hazards in a workplace of a steel rolling mill, the results show that the risk level of the workplace of the enterprise is Level 2 and belongs to the general hazard degree, which is consistent with the actual situation of the enterprise. The example proves that the model is suitable for the risk assessment of occupational hazards in workplace.