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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4%dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation. Design:Randomised controlled equivalence trial. Setting:Community, with home visits. Participants:214 young people aged 4 to 18 years and 39 adults with active head louse infestation. Interventions:Two applications seven days apart of either 4.0%dimeticone lotion, applied for eight hours or overnight, or 0.5%phenothrin liquid, applied for 12 hours or overnight. Outcome measures:Cure of infestation (no evidence of head lice after second treatment) or reinfestation after cure. Results:Cure or reinfestation after cureoccurred in 89 of 127(70%) participants treated with dimeticone and 94 of 125 (75%) treated with phenothrin (difference-5%, 95%confidence interval -16%to 6%). Per protocol analysis showed that 84 of 121 (69%) participants were cured with dimeticone and 90 of 116 (78%) were cured with phenothrin. Irritant reactions occurred significantly less with dimeticone (3/127, 2%) than with phenothrin (11/125, 9%; difference -6%,-12%to-1%). Per protocol this was 3 of 121 (3%) participants treated with dimeticone and 10 of 116 (9%) treated with phenothrin (difference-6%,-12%to 0.3%). Conclusion:Dimeticone lotion cures head louse infestation. Dimeticone seems less irritant than existing treatments and has a physical action on lice that should not be affected by resistance to neurotoxic insecticides.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4% dimeticone lotion for treatment of head louse infestation. Design: Randomized controlled equivalence trial. Setting: Community, with home visits. Head louse infestation. Interventions: Two applications seven days apart of either 4.0% dimeticone lotion, applied for eight hours or overnight, or 0.5% phenothrin liquid, applied for 12 hours or overnight. Outcome measures: Cure of infestation (no evidence of head lice Results: Cure or reinfestation after cureoccurred in 89 of 127 (70%) participants treated with dimeticone and 94 of 125 (75%) treated with phenothrin (difference-5%, 95% confidence interval - 16% to 6%). Per protocol analysis showed that 84 of 121 (69%) participants were cured with dimeticone and 90 of 116 (78%) were cured with phenothrin. Irritant reactions occurred significant less with dimeticone (3/127, 2 % Per protocol this was 3 of 121 (3%) participants treated with dimeticone and 10 of 116 (9%) treated with phenothrin (11/125, 9%; difference -6%, - 12% to- 1% with phenothrin (difference-6%, - 12% to 0.3%). Conclusion: Dimeticone lot less cures head louse infestation. Dimeticone seems less irritant than existing treatments and has a physical action on lice that should not be affected by resistance to neurotoxic insecticides.