满铁调查部是日本侵华机关——南满洲铁道株式会社(简称满铁)专门收集情报的调查机关。它从日俄战后到第二次世界大战结束的几十年中,在日本侵华史上起了极其重要的作用。本文试就它的性质、作用和特点加以粗浅的评述。一满铁调查部的设立满铁是日本于甲午中日战争和日俄战争之后在中国东北建立的侵华机构。它表面上以营利公司为名义,实质上是地地道道的侵华机关。它是由日本政府设立,经营铁路和矿山等企业,是帝国主义资本输出的基本形式和内容之一,在中国东北地区获得高额利润。但是这种客观上的营利不是日本设立满铁的主要目的,其主要目的是将它作为实行“大 The Manchurian Investigation Department is an investigative organ that specializes in collecting intelligence from the Japanese invasion of China, the South Manchurian Railway Company (referred to as Manchuria Railway). It played an extremely important role in Japan’s history of invasion of China from the post-Russo-Japanese war to the end of the Second World War. This paper tries to make a superficial review of its nature, role and characteristics. The establishment of a full iron investigation department Manchu was Japan’s invasion of China in northeast China after the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. On the surface, it is in essence an out-of-town invading organ in the name of a for-profit company. It is set up by the Japanese government, operating railways and mines and other enterprises, is one of the basic forms and contents of the capital output of imperialism, in Northeast China to obtain high profits. However, this objective profit-making is not the main purpose of Japan in establishing Manchuria. Its main purpose is to treat it as a "big