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目的 评价健康教育对意外窒息和溺水干预效果。方法 通过比较干预前后家长对意外窒息和溺水的认知和行为改变及其死亡率的变化。在江苏省苏北农村 6个县 ,每个县抽取 2个乡 ,分成干预组和对照组。于 2 0 0 0年对干预组进行健康教育干预 1年。每个干预乡在健康教育前后随机抽取婴儿和 1～ 4岁儿童家长各 2 0～ 30名作为调查对象 ,进行问卷调查。调查两组儿童意外窒息和溺水死亡率的变化。结果 健康教育后家长认为意外伤害无法避免的为 1 8%～ 2 9% ,知道现场抢救知识为 4 1 1%～ 5 6 8% ,与健康教育前的 18 8%～ 2 0 5 %和 11 1%～ 13 5 %相比有显著差异。知道不给婴儿打“蜡烛包”的比例增加了 2 12 7% ,没有打“蜡烛包”及不与母亲同床同被的比例增加了75 7%和 6 1 5 % ,知道设防护及设防护的比例增加了 194 3%和 6 1 2 %。干预组婴儿意外窒息死亡率从 4 87 8 10万降到 71 2 10万 ,下降了 85 4 % ,对照组从 344 1 10万降到 2 76 4 10万 ,下降了 19 7% ,干预组婴儿意外窒息干预后有明显下降 ;干预组 1～ 4岁儿童溺水死亡率从 6 0 0 10万降到 36 2 10万 ,下降了 39 7% ,而对照组从 5 1 7 10万上升到 6 5 3 10万 ,上升了 2 6 3%。 结论对家长开展健康教育是预防儿童意外窒息和溺水的
Objective To evaluate the effect of health education on accidental suffocation and drowning intervention. Methods By comparing parents’ changes in cognitive and behavioral changes and their mortality after accidental asphyxiation and drowning. In Jiangsu Province, northern Jiangsu 6 counties, two counties in each county, divided into intervention group and control group. Health education intervention for intervention group in 2001 took 1 year. Before and after health education, each intervention town randomly selected 20 to 30 infants and parents of children aged 1 to 4 years as survey subjects, and conducted a questionnaire survey. The changes of accidental suffocation and drowning mortality in both groups were investigated. Results After the health education, parents thought that 18% ~ 29% of accidental injuries were unavoidable, and the knowledge of on-site rescue was 41.1% ~ 56.8%, and 18.8% ~ 20.5% before health education and 11 1% ~ 13 5% compared to significant differences. The proportion of those who did not know that they did not give the baby a “candle package” increased by 2 12.7%, that they did not fight “candles” and that they did not have the same number of children as their mothers, an increase of 75.7% and 61.5% respectively. The proportion of protection increased by 194.3% and 61.2%. In the intervention group, the mortality rate of accidental asphyxia in infants dropped from 4787.1 million to 71.21 million, a decrease of 85.4%. In the control group, the mortality rate dropped from 344.1 million to 276.41 million, a decrease of 19.7% Accidental asphyxia significantly decreased after intervention; the mortality rate of drowning children aged 1 to 4 years in intervention group fell from 36.01 million to 36.21 million, down by 39.7%, while the control group increased from 51.71 million to 65 3 100,000, an increase of 26.3%. Conclusion Health education for parents is to prevent accidental asphyxia and drowning in children