目的:探讨大鼠吸入贫铀(DU)气溶胶后肺组织病理和形态计量学改变,为贫铀武器损伤及其医学防护提供线索。方法:用常规病理技术和形态计量学方法观察了大鼠吸入DU气溶胶后1-14个月肺组织病理和形态计量学改变。结果:吸入DU气溶胶后,部分大鼠发生肺实质内淋巴细胞浸润、严重支气管炎、肺出血、脓肿,且随吸入后时间延长或吸入剂量增高,肺组织病变发生率及病变程度均呈现增高的趋势。结论:大鼠吸入贫铀气溶胶对肺组织有明显的损伤作用。 Objective: To investigate the histopathological and morphological changes of lung tissue after aerosol inhalation of depleted uranium (DU) in rats, and to provide clues for the damage of depleted uranium weapons and their medical protection. Methods: The histopathological and morphological changes of lungs were observed at 1 to 14 months after inhalation of DU aerosol in rats by routine pathological techniques and morphometry. Results: After inhalation of DU aerosol, some rats developed pulmonary parenchymal lymphocytic infiltration, severe bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage and abscess, and with the prolonged inhalation time or inhaled dose, the incidence and severity of lung lesions increased the trend of. Conclusion: The inhalation of depleted uranium aerosol in rats has a significant damage on lung tissue.