清代皇帝原庙制度初探

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中国历代皇帝宗庙以太庙为主体,原庙为辅助。皇帝原庙制度萌芽、兴盛于汉代。原庙供奉的既有帝后神主,也有帝后神御(圣容),以神御供奉为主。清代皇帝原庙制度在顺治、雍正、乾隆三朝逐步形成:顺治帝遵明制立奉先殿原庙,雍正帝崇奉康熙帝而立寿皇殿、畅春园恩佑寺这两座原庙,乾隆帝尊奉雍正帝而立颐和园安佑宫原庙,敬奉康熙帝而立避暑山庄永佑寺原庙。此外,养心殿佛堂、颐和园佛堂、体仁阁等处也具有原庙功能。清代皇帝原庙制度包含系统化的升袝、供奉、祭祀、告庙制度,建制隆重而不泛滥,神御供奉及祭祀礼仪施行差等制度。 Chinese ancient emperors Temple Temple as the main temple, the original temple for the auxiliary. The original temple system of the sprout, flourished in the Han Dynasty. The temple dedicated to the Lord after the Lord God, but also after the emperor God (Holy Rage), to worship the main God. The original temple system of the Qing emperor gradually formed in Shunzhi, Yongzheng, Qianlong three dynasties: Shunzhi Emperor Zunming established Fengxiandian original temple, Yongzheng Emperor worship Emperor Kangxi and Li Shou Huangdian, Changchun Garden Ng Yau Temple these two temples, Qianlong The emperor honored the Yongzheng emperor and the Summer Palace Aoyuan Temple Temple, Emperor Kangxi and set up the Summer Resort Yongsheng Temple Temple. In addition, Yang Xin Temple Temple, Summer Palace Buddhist temple, body Pavilion and other places also have the original temple function. The original temple system of the emperors in the Qing Dynasty included a system of systematic promotion, worship, ritual worship, temple system, grand and non-flooding of the system of construction, divine worship of the imperial court, and poor system of sacrificial rituals.
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