Objective: To investigate the effect of Jinmaitong (筋脉通, JMT) serum on the proliferation of rat Schwann cells (SCs) primarily cultured in high glucose medium. Method: SCs were primarily cultured in Dulbeccos minmum essential medium (DMEM control), 50 mmol/L glucose medium (50 mmol/L Glu), 75 mmol/L glucose medium (75 mmol/L Glu), as well as 50 mmol/L glucose medium, with different concentrations of JMT serum (undiluted, 1:2 diluted and 1:8 diluted) and Neurotropin (Ntp), respectively. The proliferation of SCs under different conditions was detected by MTT. Result: SCs grew exuberantly in DMEM within 24-72 h, but slowed down at 96 h. The proliferation of SCs was inhibitedin 50 mmol/L Glu and 75 mmol/L Glu after cultures of 48, 72 and 96 h, which showed that both were significantly different compared to the control group (P