目的研究神经内镜下侧脑室、第三脑室的重要解剖学结构,为神经内镜下治疗脑室病变提供应用解剖学基础。方法对10具成人尸头分别采用冠状缝前侧脑室前角、三角区及后角3种入路在神经内镜下观察脑室结构并测量数据。结果 (1)侧脑室前角入路可清晰显示侧脑室前角和体部,室间孔的Y形结构,且可以通过室间孔进入第三脑室。(2)冠状缝前穿刺点到侧脑室、室间孔距离为(28.7±2.6)mm、(55.1±2.8)mm,侧脑室前角到室间孔距离为(30.8±2.3)mm,室间孔长、宽径为(5.6±1.4)mm、(3.2±1.1)mm,中间块长径、宽径为(6.3±1.8)mm、(3.4±1.2)mm。(3)侧脑室后角及三角区入路可以观察到侧脑室体部结构及脉络丛。结论 (1)冠状缝前侧脑室前角入路是处理侧脑室、室间孔区及第三脑室病变的理想入路;(2)侧脑室后角入路是治疗侧脑室后角及三角区病变的理想入路;(3)侧脑室三角区入路应用价值低。 Objective To study the important anatomic structures of the lateral and third ventricle under endoscopic neuroendoscopy and provide anatomic basis for the treatment of ventricular lesions by endoscopic neuroendoscopy. Methods 10 adult cadaver heads were used anterior chamber angle of anterior coronary artery, triangle and posterior horn three kinds of approach under endoscopic observation of ventricular structure and measurement data. Results (1) The anterior approach of the lateral ventricle can clearly show the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and the Y-shaped structure of the interventricular foramen, and can enter the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen. (2) The distance between the anterior puncture point of coronal suture and lateral ventricle was (28.7 ± 2.6) mm and (55.1 ± 2.8) mm, respectively, and the distance between anterior angle of lateral ventricle and interventricular septum was (30.8 ± 2.3) mm. The length of the holes is (5.6 ± 1.4) mm and (3.2 ± 1.1) mm, and the long diameter of the middle block is (6.3 ± 1.8) mm and (3.4 ± 1.2) mm. (3) Lateral ventricle posterior horn and triangular area approach can be observed lateral ventricle body structure and choroid plexus. Conclusions (1) Coronal anterior ventricular anterior approach is an ideal approach for the treatment of lateral ventricle, interventricular orifice and third ventricle lesions. (2) Lateral ventricular posterior horn approach is to treat the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle and trigone The ideal path of the lesion; (3) the application of lateral ventricle triangle low value.