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白喉曾是严重危害儿童的一种急性传染病,五、六十年代,我国有过5次大流行(1953、1955、1959、1960和1964年)。六十年代初,白喉类毒素(白类)研制成功,儿童中普及接种,1978年实行计划免疫,八十年代分期配备冷链系统,白类接种工作不断深入,质量不断提高,儿童免疫保护率明显上升,白喉发病率持续下降,有的县(市)已几年或十几年无白喉病例报告。但少数地方近年又出现回升,显示出一些新的流行病学特征,在这种形势下,广大预防医学工作者加强科学研究,采取了新的预防策略,取得了较好的效果。现就有关研究进展作一简要综述。
Diphtheria was once an acute infectious disease that seriously endangered children. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were five pandemics in our country (1953, 1955, 1959, 1960 and 1964). In the early 1960s, diphtheria toxoid (white type) was successfully developed, the universal vaccination in children, the planned immunization in 1978, the cold chain system in the eighties, the in-depth white vaccination work, the continuous improvement of quality, the protection rate of children’s immunity Significantly increased, diphtheria incidence continued to decline, and some counties (cities) have been years or ten years without diphtheria cases. However, in recent years, there has been a rebound in a few places, showing some new epidemiological features. Under such circumstances, the majority of preventive medicine workers have stepped up scientific research and adopted new preventive strategies with good results. Now a brief overview of the progress of the study.