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RNA编辑是指在RNA水平分子发生的碱基的改变或修饰,从而引起其所携带的遗传信息发生改变的过程。作为一种重要的转录后水平调控方式,RNA编辑在高等植物的生长发育、逆境响应以及物质生物合成等方面具有重要作用。为了解乌拉尔图小麦叶绿体基因组RNA编辑的组成和特点,本研究利用生物信息学预测结合RT-PCR的方法对乌拉尔图小麦叶绿体的RNA编辑位点进行了预测与分析。生物信息学预测发现在76个蛋白质编码基因中,15个基因发生了RNA编辑现象,共计33个胞嘧啶(C)到尿嘧啶(U)的变化,其中ndhB基因发生的编辑位点最多;然后,随机选取5个基因进行了实验验证,初步验证了预测结果的准确性;进一步对这个5个基因编辑后其蛋白二级结构和跨膜结构域进行了预测,发现编辑后所有基因的二级结构均发生了改变,同时ndhB的跨膜结构域也发生了改变;最后,比较了乌拉尔图小麦与其他5个麦类作物叶绿体RNA编辑位点的异同,发现了叶绿体编辑位点在麦类作物中具有较强保守性,同时也发现了数个物种特异的编辑位点。本研究为进一步研究乌拉尔图小麦叶绿体RNA编辑的生物学功能提供帮助,为从RNA编辑视角揭示小麦的起源进化提供了重要参考。
RNA editing refers to the process of changing or modifying the base of a molecule at the RNA level, thereby causing the genetic information carried by it to change. As one of the most important post-transcriptional regulators, RNA editing plays an important role in the growth and development of higher plants, stress response and material biosynthesis. In order to understand the composition and characteristics of chloroplast RNA editing in wheat genome of Urals, we predicted and edited the chloroplast RNA editing site of Urals by combining bioinformatics prediction and RT-PCR. Bioinformatics predicts that among 76 protein-coding genes, 15 genes have been subjected to RNA editing, accounting for a total of 33 cytosine (C) to uracil (U) changes, of which ndhB gene has the largest number of editing sites; then , Five randomly selected genes were validated experimentally to verify the accuracy of the prediction results; further prediction of the protein secondary structure and the transmembrane domain of the five genes was carried out and found that all the two genes The structure of both were changed, meanwhile, the transmembrane domain of ndhB also changed. Finally, the similarities and differences of chloroplast RNA editing sites between Ural maple and five other wheat crops were compared. It was found that the chloroplast editing sites in wheat crops In the more conservative, but also found a few species-specific editing sites. This study is helpful to further study on the biological function of wheat chloroplast RNA editing in Ural diagram and provide an important reference for revealing the origin and evolution of wheat from the perspective of RNA editing.