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【目的】研究阿克苏地区春玉米施用磷肥安全阈值,为提高新疆南疆玉米生产率和磷肥利用率,降低环境风险提供理论基础。【方法】以玉米SC704为供试品种进行田间试验,研究施磷量(4个磷素水平:0、140、280、560 kg/hm2P2O5)对玉米产量和土壤有效磷含量的影响。【结果】施磷量与玉米产量效应可以用二次曲线+平台模拟;当施磷量达141.8 kg/hm~2时,可达到平台产量11 448.9 kg/hm2;二次曲线模型中当施磷量为219.5 kg/hm~2时,玉米可达最高产量12 051.5 kg/hm~2。施磷量与Olsen-P的关系可用Y=0.047 5 X+8.67拟合,R2=0.909 9;施磷量与CaCl_2-P的关系可用Y=0.000 8X+0.112 3拟合,R2=0.843 5。磷素淋溶“突变点”为Olsen-P 26.2 mg/kg,要达到突变点所需要的施磷量为330.9 kg/hm~2。【结论】当施磷量低于330.9kg/hm~2时,不会导致该土壤CaCl_2-P猛增。在实际生产中,土壤Olsen-P达到14.4 mg/kg可获得玉米高产,其对应的施磷量为130.2 kg/hm~2。
【Objective】 To study the safety threshold of P application in spring maize in Aksu region and provide theoretical basis for improving maize productivity and P utilization rate and reducing environmental risk in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Corn SC704 was used as field test to study the effect of phosphorus application (4 levels of phosphorus: 0,140,280,560 kg / hm2P2O5) on corn yield and soil available P content. 【Result】 The results showed that the yield of phosphorus and maize yield could be simulated by quadratic curve + platform. When the phosphorus application rate was 141.8 kg / hm ~ 2, the yield of platform could reach 11 448.9 kg / hm2. In the quadratic curve model, The maximum yield of corn was 12 051.5 kg / hm ~ 2 when the amount was 219.5 kg / hm ~ 2. The relationship between phosphorus application rate and Olsen-P can be fitted by Y = 0.047 5 X + 8.67, R2 = 0.909 9; the relationship between phosphorus application rate and CaCl 2-P can be fitted by Y = 0.000 8X + 0.112 3, R2 = 0.843 5. Phosphorus leaching “mutation point ” is Olsen-P 26.2 mg / kg, and the amount of phosphorus needed to reach the point of mutation is 330.9 kg / hm ~ 2. 【Conclusion】 When the phosphorus application rate is less than 330.9kg / hm ~ 2, the soil CaCl2-P will not increase sharply. In actual production, the high yield of corn was obtained when the soil Olsen-P reached 14.4 mg / kg, and the corresponding phosphorus application rate was 130.2 kg / hm ~ 2.