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西属美洲独立后没有建成统一的联邦国家,原因在于其独立前夕幅员辽阔,地理阻隔;重商主义和大庄园制度盛行,缺乏统一的经济联系;宗主国的“纵向主义”统治造成各自为政的局面;种族文化的多样性和社会结构的复杂性带来人们心理上的隔阂等等,而独立战争并没能改善这种破碎的结构,独立运动本身所呈现出来的一些局限性,如没有统一的领导和组织,各种分裂因素膨胀,缺乏普遍认同的新权威,各国政权的软化和军事化,财政上的困难重重,社会变革的失败等等,都加重了分裂局面,而来自外国列强的觊觎和干涉更是进一步破坏了西属美洲的团结。1811-1825年15个独立国家的出现表明差异性压倒了一致性,玻利瓦尔一体化的理想破灭。因此,对拉美现代化的研究应该重视各国民族国家的形成问题。
The establishment of a united federal state after the independence of the West American nation was due to its vast territory and geographical barriers on its eve. The mercantilism and the grand manor system prevailed and lacked a unified economic connection. The sovereignty of the “longitudinal” rule made its own way. The diversity of ethnic cultures and the complexity of social structures bring people’s psychological barriers and so on. The War of Independence did not improve this fragmented structure. Some limitations of the independent movement itself, such as lack of uniform leadership And organizations, the expansion of various divisions, the lack of universal acceptance of new authorities, the softening and militarization of various countries’ regimes, the tremendous financial difficulties and the failure of social changes have aggravated the situation of division, while the shackles from foreign powers The interference further undermined the unity of the West and the Americas. The advent of the 15 independent nations from 1811 to 1825 showed that the differences overwhelmed coherence and the ideal of Bolivarian integration was shattered. Therefore, the study of Latin American modernization should pay attention to the formation of national states in various countries.