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We studied the effect of baicalin,an extract from Radix Scutellariae (a traditional Chinese medicine) in inducing mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPMVECs) to produce interferons (IFNs).MPMVECs were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of baicalin (10,20,and 30 μg mL-1),and the cells and the culture media were harvested at various time intervals.The proteins and mRNA levels (relative to β-actin) of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ were analyzed by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).It was observed that baicalin substantially up-regulated the expression of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ.In all baicalin-treated groups,the relative levels of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ mRNAs peaked after 12 h of culturing,and IFN-α/β and IFN-γ proteins peaked after 24 h of culturing.These results suggest that baicalin can effectively induce the expression of IFNs in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,and thus potentially act as an antiviral compound.This study may provide background information for developing new antiviral drugs based on baicalin.