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烃类物质是现代沉积物和古代沉积物中有机质的重要组成部分。自1952年美国的史密斯(Smith, P. V. Jr)从近代海底沉积物中分离出烃类物质以来,在三十多年的时间里,人们对地质体中存在的烃类物质进行了大量的研究,特别是在石油地质,生油理论方面尤为显著。近年来,世界性的石油污染已引起人们的关注。对海洋沉积物中烃类物质的研究,不但有助于了解沉积物中有机物转化和成岩变化的机理,并对沉积环境、成矿和石油勘探,以及对环境石油污染等问题均有重要的意义。
Hydrocarbons are an important part of organic matter in modern and ancient sediments. Since the separation of hydrocarbons from modern seafloor sediments by Smith (PV Jr) by the United States in 1952, a great deal of research has been conducted on the hydrocarbon species present in geological bodies for more than three decades, Especially in the petroleum geology, oil theory is particularly significant. In recent years, worldwide oil pollution has caused people’s attention. The study of hydrocarbon in marine sediments not only helps to understand the mechanism of organic matter transformation and diagenesis in sediments, but also has important implications for sedimentary environment, mineralization and oil exploration, and environmental oil pollution .