民族问题是世界近代史以来有普遍性特点的大问题。尤其是２０世纪８０年代末９０年代初以来，随着苏联和东欧国家的剧变，“第三次民族主义浪潮”的兴起，许多国家和地区民族关系紧张、民族矛盾频频发生，甚至爆发流血冲突和大规模的战争，使民族问题成为世界性的热点问题。而 The national question is a major issue that has universal characteristics since the modern history of the world. Especially since the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries and the rise of the “third wave of nationalism,” ethnic tensions in many countries and regions have been straining and ethnic conflicts have been frequent and even bloody conflicts have erupted Large-scale wars have made ethnic issues a worldwide hot issue. and