Heat treatment with the presence of hydrogen (H_(2)) that react with GeE0 centers (·Ge ≡) at high temperature will weaken the refractive index modulation of grating fabricated in hydrogen-loaded normal germanosilicate fiber. Pre-annealing treatment of the
Passive all-optical signal processors that overcome the electronic bottleneck can potentially be the enabling components for the next-generation high-speed and lower power consumption systems. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a CMOS-compati