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目的监测重庆市涪陵区儿童少年麻疹、风疹、流腮免疫水平。方法于2014年9-10月采取整群抽样法抽取涪陵区5个方位监测点2~15岁儿童少年3 230人并采其全血20μl,采用酶联免疫法进行麻疹、风疹、流腮IgG抗体定性检测,使用SPSS进行卡方检验分析检测数据。结果检测3 230人麻疹、风疹、流腮抗体,阳性率依次为91.30%、88.76%、87.96%。不同性别间麻疹、不同年龄组麻疹、风疹抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义(X~2值分别为6.527、8.158、9.712,P<0.05),不同方位监测点托幼机构儿童(X~2值分别为26.862、19.593、68.404,P<0.05)、中小学生(X~2值分别为9.820、122.268、61.840,P<0.05)麻腮风抗体阳性率差异均具有统计学意义,城区与乡镇儿童青少年风疹、流腮抗体阳性率差异均具有统计学意义(X~2值分别为10.032、11.929,P<0.05)。结论重庆市涪陵区儿童少年麻疹、风疹、流腮疫苗保护屏障已基本建立,但仍存在疫苗保护较薄弱环节,应重点关注涪陵西部地区风疹、流腮的疫情监测及相关查漏补种工作、关注中小学校相关疾病的监测,同时应加强健康教育及疫苗推广应用,提高较偏远地区群众的意识,进一步提高免疫覆盖率。
Objective To monitor the level of immunity among measles, rubella and mumps in children and adolescents in Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality. Methods From September to October in 2014, a total of 3 230 children aged 2-15 years from 5 locations in Fuling district were sampled and 20 μl of whole blood was collected by cluster sampling method. Measles, rubella and gudgery IgG were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Antibody qualitative test, using SPSS for chi-square test analysis of test data. Results A total of 3 230 measles, rubella and mumps were detected. The positive rates were 91.30%, 88.76% and 87.96%, respectively. The positive rates of measles and rubella in different age groups were statistically significant (X ~ 2 = 6.527,8.158,9.712, P <0.05). X ~ 2 values Respectively, 26.862,19.593,68.404, P <0.05). There was significant difference in the positive rate of antibody of MMR among primary and secondary school students (X ~ 2 = 9.820,122.268,61.840, P <0.05), and urban and rural children and adolescents Rubella, mumps antibody positive rate differences were statistically significant (X ~ 2 values were 10.032,11.929, P <0.05). Conclusion The protection barrier of measles, rubella and mumps vaccine for children and adolescents in Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality has basically been established. However, there is still some weak links in the protection of vaccines. We should pay close attention to the surveillance of epidemic situation of rubella and gills in the western area of Fuling, Attention should be paid to the monitoring of primary and secondary school-related diseases. At the same time, health education and promotion of vaccines should be strengthened so as to raise the awareness among the people in more remote areas and further increase the immunization coverage.