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马尔库斯·图里乌斯·西塞罗(公元前106—公元前43)是罗马共和国末期著名的政治家、哲学家、法学家、雄辩家、文学家。罗马共和国末期,共和国政体逐渐向专制政体过渡,西塞罗作为此时政治法律思想的代表,对公元前1世纪的历史影响举足轻重。《论共和国论法律》是其政治学著作,这不是一部简单的理论作品,它集中体现了西塞罗的政治和法律思想。它前承希腊文化,后启罗马精神,为构建“罗马法大厦”夯实了基础,如今的法学流派依旧受益匪浅,同时它是拉丁文学中独一无二的政论作品。虽然在阅读这本书的时候总会不经意间发现柏拉图留下的踪影,但是就写作文体而言,二者的区别在于:前者是对话的直接记述,含有更多的虚构色彩,而后者则是对谈话内容的展现和追忆,含有更多的生活经验。在这本书中,西塞罗融自己的政治实践经验和哲学思考于论述中,对国家、政体、法律、正义与利益阐释了自己独到的见解。
Marcus Tulius Cicero (106 BC - 43 BC) is a late-famous politician, philosopher, jurist, eloquent speaker and writer in the Roman Republic. At the end of the Roman Republic, the political system of the republic gradually transitioned to an autocratic political system. As a representative of political and legal thought at this time, Cicero dominated the historical impact of the 1st century BC. “On the law of the Republic” is its political works, this is not a simple theoretical work, which embodies Cicero’s political and legal thoughts. It pre-empted the Hellenistic culture and afterwards inspired the Roman spirit to lay the foundation for the construction of the Roman Law Building. Today’s school of law still benefits greatly from it. At the same time, it is a unique political work in Latin literature. Although Plato was always inadvertently found while reading this book, the difference between the two in writing style was that the former was a direct account of dialogue with more fictional color, while the latter was The content of the conversation show and recall, contains more life experience. In this book, Cicero melts his own experience in political practice and philosophical thinking in his discourse to explain his own unique opinions on state, political system, law, justice and interests.