一、由转化关系推断物质这种方法要求学生熟悉有机化学中常见的一些规律性转化关系,并能根据题目给出的转化关系图示对号入座,确定所要推断的物质。有机化学中常见的一些规律性转化关系有: (1)醇经氧化可转化成醛,醛被氧化生成羧酸,羧酸跟醇反应生成酯,这个转化关系的本质可表示为(其中R1、R2表示某种基因)。 1. Inferring Substances from Transformational Relationships This method requires students to become familiar with some regular transformational relationships in organic chemistry, and to illustrate the inclusion of the substance to be inferred based on the conversion relationships given in the title. Some common transformational relationships in organic chemistry are: (1) Alcohols can be converted to aldehydes by oxidation, aldehydes are oxidized to carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acids react with alcohols to form esters. The nature of this transformation can be expressed as (where R1 R2 represents a certain gene).