内脏利什曼病(Visceral Leishmaniasis)又称黑热病,是利什曼原虫经媒介白蛉传播的人兽共患寄生虫病。在利什曼原虫检测方法中,PCR技术以其较高的灵敏性和特异性、便于操作等优势得到了广泛应用。目前,利什曼原虫无症状感染人群在疾病传播中的作用日渐受到关注,本文主要介绍了近年来PCR法在利什曼原虫无症状感染检测方面的应用情况。 Visceral Leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, is a zoonotic parasitic disease transmitted by whitefly in Leishmania. In Leishmania detection method, PCR technology has been widely used for its advantages of high sensitivity and specificity, ease of operation and so on. At present, the role of Leishmania asymptomatic infection in the spread of the disease has drawn increasing attention. In this paper, the application of PCR in the detection of Leishmania asymptomatic infection in recent years is introduced.