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中世纪欧洲城镇发展的显著标志是城镇自治。尽管经济环境和政治环境不同,但在11世纪晚期到12世纪,所有城镇都开始争取获得城市自治权。自治的程度差别很大,弗兰德斯、意大利、和德国南部地区许多城市独立自治,英国只有少量特权城镇享有城市地位。城镇的自治是实际存在的,它不是一个公式或一个指标,不能用通用的标准来衡量中世纪英格兰城镇自治程度,本文通过以下几个方面论述中世纪英格兰城镇自治:土地保有权,获得特许状,赎买自由,获得包税权,选举官员,出席议会。
The remarkable symbol of the development of medieval European towns is the autonomy of towns. Despite the differences in economic and political circumstances, all towns and cities began to seek urban autonomy in the late 11th and 12th centuries. The degree of autonomy varies widely and many cities in Flanders, Italy, and southern Germany are autonomous, with only a handful of privileged towns in Britain enjoying urban status. Urban autonomy is real. It is not a formula or an indicator. It can not measure the degree of urban autonomy in medieval England in a universal way. This article discusses medieval town autonomy in England through the following aspects: land tenure, obtaining charter, redemption Free, get the tax right, elect officials, attend parliament.