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我国产业结构正在经历着转型升级的深刻变革,高等职业教育应根据产业转型升级的现实需要,灵活地设置与调整专业,实现专业与产业的良性互动。然而,在当前我国高职院校专业建设过程中,“重规模、轻内涵”的倾向较为严重,专业特色不足,面临着“同质化”竞争的发展态势;同时,政府的行政干预过强,高职院校自主权弱化,专业与产业缺乏有效衔接,高职院校专业建设陷入“内卷化”发展困境。因此,高职院校应根据产业转型升级的需求和自身的实际,积极探索专业建设的治理之道,树立与产业转型升级相适应的专业建设新理念,提升政府的“顶层设计”能力,构建社会多元合作的专业规划机制,加快建立“政府引导、学校主体、行业企业广泛参与”的专业动态调整机制,提升专业与产业的协同度,构建高职院校内部专业设置与调控机制,强化社会专业评估组织的参与,构建专业化的第三方评估机制。
China’s industrial structure is experiencing profound changes in its transformation and upgrading. Higher vocational education should flexibly set and adjust majors according to the actual needs of industrial restructuring and upgrading, and realize a virtuous interaction between majors and industries. However, in the current professional construction of higher vocational colleges in our country, the tendency of “heavy-scale and light-connotation” is more serious, the professional characteristics are insufficient, and the development trend of “homogeneity ” competition is facing. At the same time, Administrative intervention is too strong, the weakening of the autonomy of higher vocational colleges, the lack of effective convergence between the major and the industry, and the professional construction of higher vocational colleges fall into the “inner volume” development dilemma. Therefore, higher vocational colleges should actively explore the path of professional construction in accordance with the needs of industrial restructuring and upgrading and their own actual conditions, establish a new concept of professional construction that is compatible with industrial restructuring and upgrading, and enhance the government’s “top-level design capability” , Build a professional planning mechanism for multi-cooperation in society and speed up the establishment of a professional dynamic adjustment mechanism of “guiding the government, extensive participation of the school’s main body and industries and enterprises”, enhance the professional and industrial coordination, and establish the professional setting and regulation within the higher vocational colleges Mechanism, strengthen the social professional assessment organizations to participate in the construction of specialized third-party assessment mechanism.