汤若望是明末清初来华的天主教耶稣会著名传教士，对中国历法的改进做出过突出贡献，因此受到明清两代朝廷重用，并得到当时思想比较开明的官僚和知识分子的赞扬和尊敬。然而，其晚年受杨光先控告，曾一度身被缧绁，几乎丢掉性命，成为轰动朝野的大案。《清史稿》载：“康熙五 As a famous Jesuit missionary who came to China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Tangruwang made outstanding contributions to the improvement of Chinese calendars. Therefore, he was reused by the court of Ming and Qing dynasties and praised by the bureaucrats and intellectuals who were more enlightened at that time respect. However, his later years were sued by Yang Guangxian, was once captive, almost lost his life, became a big sensation. “Qing history draft” contains: "Kangxi five