大别山五大水库区是我国国家级贫困县集中分布地区 ,经过“八七”扶贫攻坚 ,库区社会经济和环境面貌发生较大变化 ,但返贫现象比较严重 ,库区的可持续发展能力弱。本文在五大库区现状全面调查的基础上 ,对库区贫困和返贫的根源进行系统分析 ,并提出库区社会经济发展与反贫策略 The five major reservoir areas in the Dabie Mountains are concentrated in poverty-stricken counties in our country. After the “August 7” Poverty Alleviation Project has been tackled, the socio-economic and environmental aspects of the reservoir area have undergone major changes. However, the phenomenon of returning to poverty is more serious and the ability of sustainable development in the reservoir area is weak. Based on a comprehensive survey of the status quo in the five major reservoir areas, this paper systematically analyzes the causes of poverty and return to poverty in the reservoir area and puts forward the strategy of socio-economic development and anti-poverty in the reservoir area