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马家窑文化遗址属于新石器时代的文化类型,因首先发现于甘肃临洮的马家窑而得名,过去又称之为“甘肃仰韶文化”。青海省境内的马家窑文化遗存,截止1990年的调查统计有917处。马家窑文化的居民大致以氏族为单位,过着定居的生活。居落多集中在河流两岸的台地上,房屋多为半地穴式,平面呈圆形或方形,房内有灶,房屋周围有储藏东西的窖穴。马家窑文化以原始农耕经济为主,并已可能进入较进步的锄耕农业阶段,农作物除粟外,还有黍、麻等,以狩猎和家畜饲养作为辅助经济。制陶业很发达,尤以精美的彩陶著称于世。其马厂类型时期的制陶业规模很大,并出现了一定规模的制陶作坊,如仅在乐都柳湾墓地一处就出土了各种陶器13000多件,且大部分是彩陶;1973年和1995年,分别从大通县上孙家寨和同德县宗日遗址中出土了绘有分组多人集体舞蹈的舞蹈纹彩陶盆,堪称彩陶文化中的国之瑰宝。
The Majiayao Cultural Relics belong to the Neolithic cultural genre. It was first named after the Majiayao in Linqu, Gansu Province, and was once called “Gansu Yangshao Culture.” There are 917 Majiayao cultural relics in Qinghai Province as of the 1990 survey. Residents of Majiayao culture live generally in clans as a unit, living a settled life. Habitat mostly concentrated in the Taiwan Strait on both sides of the river, the housing mostly semi-crypt, the plane was round or square, the room has a stove, housing around the cellar to store things. Majiayao culture is dominated by the primitive farming economy and may have entered a more advanced stage of hoeing farming. Besides the millet, crops such as millet and hemp are also used in hunting and livestock raising as the auxiliary economy. Ceramics industry is very developed, especially in the exquisite painted pottery known to the world. During the period of its horse factory, the pottery industry was very large in scale and a certain scale of pottery workshop appeared. For example, more than 13,000 pieces of pottery were unearthed only at the cemetery of Liuwan in Le Dudu, and most of them were painted pottery. In 1995 and 1995, respectively, from the Datong County, Sunjiazhai and Tongde County, Japan and Japan were unearthed in the site with a group of people dance dance painted pottery basin, painted pottery culture in the country’s treasures.