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对于19世纪入华传教士和驻华外交官等“业余者”编写的汉英词典,国内学界仍缺乏客观的认识和评价,一方面对业余者的汉语水平存在质疑,另一方面则对他们词典编纂的科学性及计划性多有诟病。然而,如果将这些汉英词典置于当时的历史文化背景下重新审视,利用现代词典学的成果而避免其后视视角,可能会对“业余者”编纂的汉语词典产生全新认识。本文对19世纪汉英双语词典的诞生以及三部最重要的汉英词典进行评述,总结出早期汉英双语词典具有以下三点设计特征:1)都是“业余者”的个人实践;2)都是双语词典,而非双解词典;3)词典之间存在谱系关系。
For Chinese-English dictionaries written by “amateurs” such as the missionaries who came to China in the 19th century and diplomats in China, there is still no objective understanding and evaluation in the domestic academic circles. On the one hand, there are doubts about the amateur proficiency in Chinese. On the other hand, They criticize the scientific and planning of their dictionary more criticized. However, if these Chinese-English dictionaries are reexamined in the historical and cultural background at the time, using the achievements of modern dictionaries to avoid their rear-view perspective may lead to a new understanding of the Chinese dictionaries compiled by the Amateur. This article reviews the birth of Chinese-English bilingual dictionaries in the 19th century and the three most important Chinese-English dictionaries. It concludes that the early Chinese-English bilingual dictionaries have the following three design features: 1) they are all personal practices of “amateurs” 2) are bilingual dictionaries, not diacritical dictionaries; 3) there is a pedigree relationship between dictionaries.