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价值链上下游企业之间存在大量的知识流,其中上行知识流(知识从下游向上游的流动)非常重要。本文系统地讨论并检验上游企业利用上行知识流促进自身创新的问题,具体地,我们分析了两种促进作用:立即作用,即运用下游知识马上就获得提升,这是一种直接的促进作用;延迟作用,即以往运用下游知识对以后创新的促进,这是一种通过培养上游能力而使其受益的间接促进作用。选取美国汽车生产行业中的零部件供应商为研究样本,基于专利数据构建计量指标开展实证检验,系统检验零部件供应商运用汽车生产商知识对其创新水平的促进作用,结果表明立即作用和延迟作用均显著,这一结果验证了汽车生产行业中价值链下游(生产商)是上游(零部件供应商)非常重要的知识源。
There is a large amount of knowledge flow between the upstream and downstream enterprises in the value chain. The upstream knowledge flow (the flow of knowledge from the downstream to the upstream) is very important. This article systematically discusses and examines the upstream enterprises’ use of upstream knowledge flow to promote their own innovation. Specifically, we analyze two kinds of promotion effects: immediate effect, that is, using downstream knowledge to get immediate promotion, which is a direct promotion; The delay, the use of downstream knowledge in the past to promote future innovation, is an indirect facilitation that benefits them through the development of upstream capabilities. Select the parts suppliers in the automobile manufacturing industry in the United States as a sample of the study to build an empirical test based on patent data to build measurement indicators to systematically test the role of component suppliers in promoting the innovation level of their knowledge by auto manufacturers and the results show immediate effect and delay This result is validated as a very important source of knowledge for upstream (component suppliers) downstream of the value chain in the automotive industry.