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水汽体积比仅仅占整个空气的0.1%~3%,但它却是大气中时空变化最为活跃的气体。拉曼激光雷达由于其测量精度高、探测范围广以及自动化程度高,成为现今测量大气水汽含量的新型工具。介绍了中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所于2004年10月自行研制的国内首台车载式拉曼激光雷达的总体结构和主要技术参量,给出其相应激光雷达数据的反演方法,该激光雷达在合肥地区进行了实际测量和对比实验。测量结果显示:该激光雷达夜晚探测水汽的高度范围可以从近地面到达对流层中部8 km左右。同时,该激光雷达还尝试进行了白天水汽探测实验,并首次得出突变层内的水汽混合比垂直廓线。
Water vapor volume ratio of only 0.1% to 3% of the entire air, but it is the most active gas in space-time changes in the gas. Because of its high accuracy, wide detection range and high degree of automation, Raman Lidar has become a new type of tool for measuring atmospheric water vapor content today. The overall structure and main technical parameters of the first in-vehicle Raman lidar in China developed by Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in October 2004, and the corresponding inversion method of the corresponding lidar data are presented. The Lidar Hefei area in the actual measurement and comparative experiments. The measurement results show that the height range of the nightly water vapor detected by this laser radar can reach about 8 km from the near surface in the middle troposphere. At the same time, the Lidar also attempted daytime water vapor detection experiments and for the first time obtained the vertical profile of water vapor mixing ratio within the abrupt layer.