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采用田间普查、定点调查和灯光诱集的方法明确了北京地区豇豆荚螟Maruca vitrata发生特点及其在红小豆田的种群消长规律,采用田间药效试验筛选出防治该虫的有效药剂。结果表明,豇豆螟幼虫共有5个龄期,低龄幼虫喜食红小豆细嫩的花蕊,造成落花、落蕾。幼虫钻入豆荚时取食红小豆种子,有转荚为害习性。成虫对黑光灯和高压汞灯趋性不明显。北京地区豇豆荚螟发生为害开始于红小豆的始花期,集中在红小豆盛花期,豆花、豆荚上的幼虫数量在8月末达到高峰。田间药效筛选试验结果表明,当红小豆田中的豇豆荚螟幼虫数在防治指标(百花/荚虫数5~6头)以上时,稀释1 000倍液的5%氯虫苯甲酰胺防治红小豆田豇豆荚螟幼虫效果明显优于常规药剂高氯甲维盐和阿维菌素,而且持效期在20d以上,具有明显的保花护荚作用。
The characteristics of the Maruca vitrata in Beijing area and its population dynamics in the red bean field were clarified by field surveys, site surveys and light trapping methods. Effective pesticides for controlling the insect were screened by field efficacy tests. The results showed that the cowpea larvae have a total of five instar larvae, young larvae eat red adzuki bean tender flower, causing falling, falling buds. Drilling larvae into the pod when feeding red bean seeds, turn pod harmful habits. Adult black light and high pressure mercury lamp is not obvious. The pest occurrence of cowpea in Beijing began at the beginning of the flowering stage, concentrating on the flowering stage of red bean, and the number of larvae on bean curd and pod peaked at the end of August. The results of the field efficacy test showed that when the number of larvae of Vigna pellegrini in the red bean field was above the control index (5 to 6 flowers per litter), the 5% chlorantraniliprole diluted 1 000 times against red bean Cowpea pesponi larvae larvae were significantly better than the conventional high-carbaryl and abamectin, and the persistence of more than 20d, with a significant role in protecting the flower pod.