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希罗多德著《历史》卷首冠有一段开宗明义的序言,其核心概念“探究”(historia)与其他几个相关联的概念构成一个特殊的、意蕴深厚的语义场,对于读者领会整部《历史》的旨趣至为关键。本文将该序言置于早期希腊思想史的语境(主要是荷马史诗传统与新兴的伊奥尼亚思想)之中加以考察,旨在提出《历史》序言的结构、内容和功能与荷马史诗的序诗,尤其是与《伊利亚特》的序诗存在着多重的互应关系,从中可以看出,希罗多德的“探究”虽然是一种新的认知方式,但更多地沿袭着荷马史诗的传统。通过“叙事”(logos)来展示自己的“探究”的希罗多德,就实现保存荣耀的目的而言,既是史诗诗人的竞争者,亦是他的追随者。
Herodotus has a preface to the opening of “History” and its core concept “historia” and several other related concepts form a special and profound semantic field, The purpose of the ministry “history” is crucial. This essay examines the preface in the context of the early Greek intellectual history (mainly the Homeric epic tradition and the emerging Ionian ideology) with the aim of proposing the structure, content, and function of the preface to the history of Homer Epic poetry, especially with the “Iliad” poetry there is a multiple reciprocal relationship, from which we can see that Herodotus “inquiry ” is a new cognitive style, but More followed the Homeric tradition. Herodotus, who demonstrated his “inquiry” through “logos,” is both an epic poet’s contender and his follower for purposes of preserving glory.