本文厘定了基于流域尺度的水资源负载指数概念,以《中国水资源分区》为基础,采用ARC/INFO软件,统计分析了一级、二级和三级流域分区的水资源负载指数,定量揭示了中国不同地区的水资源利用程度与开发潜力。研究结果表明:整体而言,全国水资源负载指数属于Ⅲ级水平,水资源利用程度中等,开发潜力较大;从一级流域分区、二级流域分区到三级流域分区,负载指数空间分布逐步细化,开发潜力低的地区范围从黄淮海地区逐渐向松辽河流域和西北地区扩展;三级流域分区尺度,全国71.4%地区水资源开发利用程度低,开发潜力大,居住着全国33.2%的人口,而45.9%以上的人口聚集在水资源利用程度较高、潜力有限的15.4%的土地上;十大流域负载指数地域差异明显,淮河、海河流域85%以上、黄河流域60%的地区属于低水平开发潜力,西南诸河流域全部属于高水平开发潜力,其中,珠江三角洲和长江太湖水系开发潜力有限。 This paper defines the concept of water resources load index based on catchment scale. Based on “China Water Resources Zoning”, using ARC / INFO software, the water resources load index of primary, secondary and tertiary watersheds is statistically analyzed and quantified China’s different regions of the degree of water use and development potential. The results show that: as a whole, the national water resource load index belongs to the level Ⅲ, and the utilization of water resources is medium, which has great potential for development. From the first level and the second level to the third level, the spatial distribution of load index gradually The region with low refining potential and low development potential has gradually expanded from the Huang-Huai-Hai region to the Songliao River Basin and the northwest region. On the scale of the third-level river basins, the development and utilization of water resources in 71.4% of the country is low, with great development potential and 33.2% Population, and 45.9% of the population gather in 15.4% of the land with limited water resources utilization and potential. The regional differences of load index in the ten major basins are obvious. Over 85% of Huaihe and Haihe basins and 60% of the Yellow River basins belong to Low potential for exploitation. All the watersheds in southwest China belong to the high potential for development. Among them, the development potential of the Pearl River Delta and the Taihu Lake in the Yangtze River has limited potential.