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采用固相微萃取(SPME)预处理与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术相结合,探讨4个品种的杨梅(荸荠、东魁、水晶杨梅、粉红杨梅)中的挥发性化合物。对SPME萃取参数(萃取针头类型、平衡时间、萃取时间、萃取温度)进行优化,确定较佳的萃取条件是:在50℃水浴温度下平衡15 min,用萃取头(DVB/CAR/PDMS)萃取35 min。将SPME-GC/MS所得谱图与标准谱图及相关文献比对,共鉴定出59种化合物,主要包括醛类、萜烯类、醇类、酯类和酮类等,其中石竹烯含量最高(4.27~358μg/g),是杨梅中重要的香气特征组分。4个品种的杨梅挥发性物质有显著差异,可通过主成分分析(PCA)方法将这4个品种进行区分,其中荸荠和东魁杨梅的挥发性物质比较接近,与粉红杨梅和水晶杨梅的香气物质可明显区分开。荸荠和东魁杨梅中β-石竹烯、葎草烯、石竹烯氧化物含量较高,粉红种杨梅中α-蒎烯(19.66μg/g)含量最高,石竹烯含量却最低,而水晶杨梅含有最高含量的石竹烯和芳樟醇。不同杨梅的香气组分的差异性研究将有助于杨梅品种的鉴别及杨梅质量检测。
The volatile compounds from four varieties of bayberry (water chestnut, Dongkui, crystal myrica rubra, pink bayberry) were studied by SPME pretreatment combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) The extraction parameters (extraction needle type, equilibration time, extraction time, extraction temperature) of SPME were optimized. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: the mixture was extracted with DVB / CAR / PDMS 35 min. A total of 59 compounds were identified, including aldehydes, terpenes, alcohols, esters and ketones, among which the highest content of caryophyllene was obtained by comparing the spectrum obtained from SPME-GC / MS with the standard spectra and related literatures (4.27 ~ 358μg / g), is an important flavor of bayberry components. There were significant differences among the four cultivars of the arbutus volatile compounds, and the four cultivars could be distinguished by the method of principal component analysis (PCA). The volatile compounds of the water chestnuts and the bayberry were close to those of the arbutus and the arbutus Substances can be clearly distinguished. The content of β-Caryophyllene, Humulus and Caryophyllene in the water chestnuts and bayberry was higher, the content of α-pinene (19.66μg / g) in pink bayberry was the highest, and the content of caryophyllene was the lowest The highest levels of caryophyllene and linalool. Differences in the aroma components of Chinese bayberry will contribute to the identification of bayberry varieties and the detection of bayberry quality.