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目的探讨民工的心理紧张和心理健康状况及其相互关系。方法使用自编的民工心理紧张源量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测查。结果民工体验到的居于第1位的心理紧张源是经济负担、权益保护和待遇负荷心理紧张源。民工年龄和文化程度组间心理紧张水平存在差异。总的来说,29岁以下的民工体验到的心理紧张最大,30~39岁的民工次之,40岁以上的民工体验到的心理紧张最小。除了人际关系紧张源评分高中以上文化程度大于文盲和初中以下文化程度外,其他紧张源和心理紧张水平总评分,均为文盲或高中以上文化程度较大,初中以下文化程度较小。民工的心理健康状况从总体上来讲低于全国平均水平。至少存在一项以上阳性症状因子的民工占12.3%,因子的检出率从1.9%到6.5%不等。大部分心理紧张源对民工的心理问题有明显的正向预测作用。结论部分民工存在心理健康问题,心理紧张是影响民工心理健康状况的重要因素。
Objective To explore the psychological stress and mental health of migrant workers and their relationship. Methods Self-compiled stress scale of migrant workers and Self-rating Symptomatic Symptom Scale (SCL-90) were used for testing. As a result, the psychological stressors experienced by migrant workers in the first place are the psychological burden of economic burden, protection of rights and interests and treatment burden. Migrant workers’ age and educational level have different levels of psychological stress. In general, the migrant workers under the age of 29 experience the most psychological stress, followed by the migrant workers aged from 30 to 39, while the migrant workers over the age of 40 experience the least psychological stress. Except for the stress score of interpersonal relationship, students with high school education or above have a higher education level than those with illiteracy and below junior high school education. All other scores of stressors and psychological stress levels are illiterate or have a high school education or above, while those with a junior high school education have a low level of education. The mental health status of migrant workers is generally below the national average. The number of migrant workers who have at least one positive symptom factor accounts for 12.3% and the factor detection rate varies from 1.9% to 6.5%. Most psychological stressors have obvious positive predictive effects on the psychological problems of migrant workers. Conclusion Some migrant workers have mental health problems. Psychological stress is an important factor that affects the mental health status of migrant workers.