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通过野外调查统计手段对黄土高原黄土洞穴的成因进行了研究。结果表明:黄土洞穴形成的控制因素主要包括地层厚度、土性、构造、地形地貌以及水文地质和气候条件等,其中黄土地层的土性、厚度及其空间组合形式和形态构成了形成黄土洞穴的物质基础。不同深度的黄土洞穴,其形成的主控因素不同,表层黄土洞穴多为生物成因,浅层黄土洞穴主要与黄土地层抗水蚀能力的垂直分异以及浅层的各种节理裂隙有关,中层黄土洞穴主要与节理裂隙有关,深层及极深层黄土洞穴与构造节理直接相关。
The causes of loess caves in the Loess Plateau were studied through field investigation and statistics. The results show that the controlling factors for the formation of loess caves mainly include formation thickness, soil property, structure, topography, hydrogeology and climatic conditions, among which the loess stratum’s soil properties, thickness and its spatial combination forms and forms constitute the loess caves Material basis. Loess caves at different depths have different controlling factors. The loess caves in the loess area are mostly biogenic. The shallow loess caves are mainly related to the vertical differentiation of water erosion resistance of loess strata and the shallow joints and fissures. The middle loess caves Mainly associated with the joint fissures, deep and deep loess caves and structural joints are directly related.