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目的对人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)职业暴露的发生特点进行分析,为HIV职业暴露的预防以及降低其发生率提供依据。方法对信阳市2005—2013年发生的33例HIV职业暴露的特征及预后进行分析。结果 33例HIV职业暴露者中,护士最多见(15例,占45.46%);暴露方式以针刺伤最多(18例,占54.54%),其次为咬伤和抓伤(8例,占24.24%);暴露分级以二级暴露最多(17例,占51.52%);暴露源类型以1级最多见(15例,占45.45%,);暴露人员年龄以20~29岁最多(24人,占72.73%)。在发生职业暴露后对所有职业暴露者定期进行HIV抗体检测,结果均为阴性。结论及时、规范地对HIV职业暴露者进行伤口处理,正确评估其暴露级别和危险度,尽早、全程预防性用药,加强职业暴露的预防,是降低职业暴露者HIV感染风险的关键。要加强暴露源正确管理和心理疏导。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and provide a basis for the prevention of HIV occupational exposure and its incidence. Methods The characteristics and prognosis of 33 HIV occupational exposures in Xinyang from 2005 to 2013 were analyzed. Results Among the 33 cases of HIV occupational exposure, the most common were nurses (15 cases, 45.46%). The most exposure methods were needle puncture (18 cases, 54.54%) followed by bites and scratches (8 cases, 24.24% (15 cases, accounting for 45.45%, respectively). The exposure age was 20 to 29 years old (24 people), and the most exposure type was secondary exposure (17 cases, accounting for 51.52%). Accounting for 72.73%). HIV antibody tests were regularly conducted on all occupational exposures after occupational exposure and the results were negative. Conclusion It is the key to reduce the risk of HIV infection among occupationally exposed patients by timely and standardized treatment of HIV occupational exposures and correctly assess their exposure level and risk. Preventive drug use as soon as possible and prevention of occupational exposure as a whole. To strengthen the correct management of exposure sources and psychological counseling.