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城乡二元结构及发展失衡是建国以来我国社会经济发展中的典型特征。自十一届三中全会以来,党和国家采取一系列政策和措施,缩小城乡差距,实现城乡协调发展,但,迄今为止,农民收入增长仍然缓慢,农村社会经济发展落后的局面仍未从根本上改变,城乡之间的结构性失衡不仅依然存在,而且近些年还有扩大之势。这不仅阻碍了国家统一的市场经济体制的形成及社会经济的协调发展,也造成城乡之间、工农之间、贫富之间的矛盾,构成我国社会经济和政治发展中的结构性障碍。在刚刚结束的十届全国人大三次会议上,温家宝总理在政府工作报告中提出“构建社会主义和谐社会”的治国方略,引起“两会”代表委员的强烈共鸣。代表委员们认为,和谐社会应该是城乡协调发展的社会,是各地区共同发展、共同提高的社会,是人与自然长期协调相处的社会。“两会”期间,代表委员们就如何改变城乡二元结构、增进区域协调发展等问题纷纷进言献策。
The dual structure of urban and rural areas and the unbalanced development are typical characteristics of our country’s social and economic development since the founding of the People’s Republic. Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the party and the state have taken a series of policies and measures to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and achieve the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. However, so far, the income growth of peasants is still slow and the situation of rural social and economic backwardness has not yet been fundamentally On the change, the structural imbalance between urban and rural areas is not only still existing, but also has expanded in recent years. This not only hindered the formation of a unified national market economy and the coordinated socio-economic development but also caused the contradictions between urban and rural areas, between workers and peasants and between the rich and the poor, and constituted the structural obstacle in the social, economic and political development of our country. At the just-concluded Third Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress, Premier Wen Jiabao proposed in his government work report a strategy of running a country by “building a socialist harmonious society,” arousing strong resonance among the NPC and CPPCC members. On behalf of the members, the harmonious society should be a society with coordinated development of urban and rural areas, a society with common development and common improvement in all regions, and a society in which people and nature should be coordinated long-term. During the “two sessions”, deputies and delegates made suggestions and suggestions on how to change the dual structure of urban and rural areas and enhance coordinated regional development.