Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of peripheral CD34+ cell mobilization in patients with severe autoimmune disease. Methods Forty-two patients underwent a total of 46 mobilizations by the regimen of cyclophosphamide 2-3 g/m2 +recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) 5 μg·kg-1·d-1. The positive selection of CD34+ cell was performed through the CliniMACS. Results In 8.1±2.3 days after administration of cyclophosphamide, the peripheral white blood cell and mononuclear cell (MNC) decreased to the lowest level. In 3.7±1.6 days after injection of rhG-CSF, the peripheral absolute MNC and CD34+ cell counts were 0.95×109/L and 0.035×109/L, respectively. After 2.4±0.6 times of leukapheresis, there gained 4.46×108/kg of MNC and 5.26×106/kg of CD34+, respectively. After mobilization, the underlying diseases were ameliorated more or less. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) decreased from a median of 17 to 3 (P<0.01). In rheumatic arthritis patients, an American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20%(ACR20) response was achieved in all five patients. Totally, 17.4% of patients whose absolute neutrophil count <0.5×109/L suffered infection, and 31.0% of patients had bone pain after the injection of rhG-CSF. Two patients suffered severe complications, one with acute renal failure and recovered by hemodialysis, the other died of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Failed mobilization occurred in three patients. Conclusions Sufficient CD34+ cells can be mobilized by low dose of cyclophosphamide and rhG-CSF. CD34+ cell mobilization for treatment of severe autoimmune disease not only is appropriate in both effectiveness and safety but ameliorates disease also. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of peripheral CD34 + cell mobilization in patients with severe autoimmune disease. Methods Forty-two patients underwent a total of 46 mobilizations by the regimen of cyclophosphamide 2-3 g / m2 + recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG -CSF) 5 μg · kg -1 · d -1. The positive selection of CD34 + cell was performed through the CliniMACS. Results In 8.1 ± 2.3 days after administration of cyclophosphamide, the peripheral white blood cell and mononuclear cell (MNC) decreased to the lowest level. After 3.7 ± 1.6 days after injection of rhG-CSF, the peripheral absolute MNC and CD34 + cell counts were 0.95 × 109 / L and 0.035 × 109 / L, respectively. After 2.4 ± 0.6 times of leukapheresis, there gained 4.46 After mobilization, the underlying diseases were ameliorated more or less. In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) decreased from a median of 1 7 of 3 (P <0.01). In rheumatic arthritis patients, an American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% (ACR20) response was achieved in all five patients. Totally, 17.4% of patients whose absolute neutrophil count <0.5 × 109 / L due infection, and 31.0% of patients had bone pain after the injection of rhG-CSF. Two patients suffering severe complications, one with acute renal failure and recovered by hemodialysis, the other died of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Failed mobilization occurred in three patients. Conclusions Sufficient CD34 + cells can be mobilized by low dose of cyclophosphamide and rhG-CSF. CD34 + cell mobilization for treatment of severe autoimmune disease not only is appropriate in both effectiveness and safety but ameliorates disease also also.