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马克思对自由范畴的考察,采取了回到历史的进路。按照马克思的观点,政治解放虽然确立了人的普遍自由的权利,但现代私有制却解构了自由的平等基础。人的自由在市民社会的历史语境中呈现为历史的偶然性与个人的任意性。消灭私有制,达至个人与社会的共同合理的自由乃是未来社会的诉求,也是马克思自由观的根本取向。
Marx inspected the scope of freedom and took the path back to history. According to Marx’s point of view, although political liberation established the universal freedoms of mankind, modern private ownership deconstructed the equal basis of freedom. The freedom of human beings appears in the historical context of civil society as historical contingency and personal arbitrariness. It is the appeals of the future society and the fundamental orientation of Marx’s freedom to eliminate the private ownership and achieve the common and reasonable freedom between individuals and society.