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一百多年来,美国华人认同大致经历了四个发展阶段。早期美国华侨受到美国政府的排斥和中国政府的敌视,其认同主要指向侨乡;20世纪前期,由于中国政治局势的影响以及中国政府积极侨务政策的实施,美国华侨民族主义开始兴起并不断高涨;“二战”期间美国废除排华法并在此后颁布宽松的移民政策,50年代中国放弃双重国籍政策并鼓励华侨效忠当地,冷战时期中美两国的对抗,使这一时期美国华侨的认同多指向美国当地。1965年特别是中国改革开放以来,中关关系的缓和、两国积极移民政策的颁布和实施,美国华人社会结构的重大变化,使美国华人的跨国认同得到不断发展。
For more than one hundred years, the American Chinese have generally gone through four stages of development. Early American overseas Chinese were rejected by the U.S. government and hostile to the Chinese government. Their identities were mainly to the hometown of overseas Chinese. In the early 20th century, because of the influence of the political situation in China and the implementation of the active overseas Chinese affairs policy by the Chinese government, American nationalist nationalism began to rise and keep rising. During the World War II, the United States repealed Exclusion Act and promulgated a relaxed immigration policy thereafter. In the 1950s, China renounced its dual citizenship policy and encouraged overseas Chinese to alienate the confrontation between China and the United States in the local and Cold War era, so that the identification of overseas Chinese in that period More points to the United States. Since 1965, especially since the reform and opening up in China, the easing of the relations between the two countries and the promulgation and implementation of the active immigration policies in both countries have led to major changes in the social structure of American Chinese so that the multinational identity of Chinese Americans is constantly evolving.