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为了揭示惠州地区农村小型水源产毒蓝藻污染情况,从惠州村镇采取不同类型水源地的水样,分别利用分子生物学和HPLC方法分析水样中的产毒蓝藻污染情况和微囊藻毒素含量。通过微囊藻毒素合成基因片段mcyA-Cd的检测发现,在采取的27个水样中,12个水样已经被产毒蓝藻污染。PCR-DGGE和克隆测序的结果证明,利用mcyA-Cd基因对环境样品中的产毒蓝藻进行初步检测具有较高的特异性和准确性,所有样品中只有一个样品检出来自阿氏浮丝藻属的产毒蓝藻,其他检出的产毒蓝藻均为微囊藻属;HPLC分析结果显示,8个水样检出微囊藻毒素,其中5个样品超过1μg.L-1。研究结果表明,mcyA-Cd基因可以用于快速、准确的对环境样品中的产毒蓝藻进行初步检测;采样区域部分水源地已经被产毒蓝藻污染,应该采取相应措施对惠州地区农村水源地进行产毒蓝藻的监测,防止或减少微囊藻毒素对人产生的危害。
In order to reveal the pollution of cyanobacteria in small water sources in rural areas of Huizhou, water samples from different types of water sources were collected from Huizhou villages and towns. The contamination of cyanobacteria and the content of microcystin in water samples were analyzed by molecular biology and HPLC. The detection of mcyA-Cd, a gene fragment of microcystins, found that of the 27 water samples taken, 12 were already contaminated by the poisoning cyanobacteria. The results of PCR-DGGE and cloning sequencing proved that the preliminary detection of the cyanobacterium producing virus in environmental samples by mcyA-Cd gene has high specificity and accuracy. Only one sample of all the samples was detected from Alga Genus cyanobacteria, other genus-producing cyanobacteria were all identified as Microcystis. HPLC analysis showed that microcystin was detected in 8 water samples, of which 5 samples exceeded 1μg.L-1. The results showed that the mcyA-Cd gene could be used for rapid and accurate preliminary detection of the produced cyanobacteria in environmental samples. Some of the water sources in the sampling area have been contaminated by the cyanobacterium producing virus and should take corresponding measures to carry out the water source in rural areas in Huizhou area Production of cyanobacteria monitoring to prevent or reduce the harm of microcystin to humans.