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人类语言具有复杂多变的递归结构,漫长的物种进化过程中唯独人类精通语言。语言的进化始于大约两百万年前的“更新世时期”,语言在当时作为一种认知适应对于人类应对自然界带给人类的挑战(如动物掠食与森林毁坏)有很大帮助。人类进化过程中学习与文化因素形成一种选择压力促使人际交流语法化,人际交流语法化引发大脑容量增加,然而,最初的语言进化与基因无关。学习与文化压力也使交流的媒介依次变为手语模式、表情模式与语言模式。交流媒介的逐渐变化最终导致了 FOXP2 基因突变,FOXP2 基因突变让智人具有了自主的言语能力。与地球上其它的人科动物相比,人类的语言能力使人类在进化中具有明显的优势。
Human language has a complex and changeable recursive structure, the only species in the long process of evolution of human proficiency in language. The evolution of the language began in the “Pleistocene period” about two million years ago. Language as a cognitive adaptation was then of great help to mankind in dealing with human challenges posed by nature such as predation of animals and deforestation. In the process of human evolution, learning and cultural factors form a kind of selective pressure to promote interpersonal communication and grammaticalization. Interpersonal grammar leads to increased brain capacity. However, the initial language evolution has nothing to do with genes. Learning and cultural pressure also make the medium of communication turn into a sign language mode, expression mode and language mode in turn. The gradual changes in communication media eventually lead to FOXP2 gene mutation, FOXP2 gene mutation allows Homo sapiens to have independent speech ability. Compared with other humanoids on earth, human language ability has obvious advantages for human evolution.