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关于中国收入不平等的形成机制问题,已有研究大体形成两种归因模式,第一种模式主要甚至完全把这种不平等归因于中国经济的市场化进程,第二种模式则主要甚至完全归因于非市场化机制。本文基于1989-2008年进行的8次全国性住户抽样调查数据,首先运用分组分解方法对这20年中的中国收入不平等的成因进行实证分析,对根据学术界流行的几个主要论断提出的假设进行检验;然后运用基于回归的夏普里值分解分析方法,把通过半对数线性回归发现的对中国现阶段收入分配有显著影响的主要变量纳入一个统一分解分析框架,估计出每一种变量的集中程度对总体收入不平等的贡献,对本文提出的一个综合性假设进行综合检验。分析结果表明,中国收入不平等的成因是复杂的,市场化机制扮演着主要的角色,非市场的结构—制度因素也发挥着不可忽视的作用,还有一些因素所起的作用则具有混合性质。
As for the formation mechanism of China’s income inequality, two types of attribution models have been studied. The first model mainly or entirely attributs this inequality to the marketization of China’s economy. The second one mainly or even Completely due to non-market mechanism. Based on the data of eight national sample surveys conducted in 1989-2008, this paper first uses the method of group decomposition to analyze the causes of income inequality in China during these 20 years. Based on several major theories prevailing in academia, Assuming the test is carried out, the main variables that have significant effect on the current income distribution in China found by semi-logarithmic linear regression are included in a unified decomposition analysis framework by using the regression-based Sharpry Value Decomposition Analysis method, and each of the variables The degree of concentration on the overall income inequality contribution to the comprehensive hypothesis proposed in this paper a comprehensive test. The analysis shows that the causes of China’s income inequality are complex and the market-oriented mechanism plays a major role. Non-market structures and institutional factors also play an important role, while others play a mixed role. .